حول اللغة الفارسية

**koorosh** · 01-25-2007, 01:08 PM

_MD_RE: حول اللغة الفارسية

أهلا بك صديقيهذه المقالة منقولة من : <a href="http://www.alloghat.com/vb/showthread.php?t=93">http://www.alloghat.com/vb/showthread.php?t=93</a><a href="http://www.alloghat.com/vb/showpost.php?p=196&postcount=1"></a> أنا لا استطيع أن اكتب بالعربية بهذه القوة<img alt=" " src="http://www.wataonline.net/site/uploads/smil3dbd4d4e4c4f2.gif" />و لكن إن كان عندكم ملاحظة استمعها و استفيد منها <img alt=" " src="http://www.wataonline.net/site/uploads/smil3dbd4e4c2e742.gif" />

**s___s** · 01-25-2007, 05:38 PM

حول اللغة الفارسية

عزيزي كوروش أحببت تنبيهك إلى أن الموقع علمي لجمعية رسمية فمسألة احترام حقوق النشر للآخرين مطلوبة حتى لا تقع الجمعية في مشاكل قانونية، فلذلك عند النقل مطلوب ذكر المصدر، فأرجو أن تنتبه لذلك في المرات القادمة في المقالة تم ذكر أن زرادشت نبي؟ ما هي رسالته وهل كان يؤمن بالله؟ بالنسبة لموضوع الحروف فجميع ما يستخدم في اللغة الإيرانية هي أشكال تم رسمها لتمثيل أصوات اللسان العربي وهناك أكثر من ذلك وتستخدم في بقية لغات آسيا التي تستخدم الحرف العربي، ففي الموقع التي وضعت توصيلة له أعلاه في المداخلة الثالثة منه تجد مختصر ما حكاه سيبويه في كتابه (الكتاب) نشرة الوراق (ص 448) قال: هذا باب عدد الحروف العربية، ومخارجها، ومهموسها ومجهورها، وأحوال مجهورها ومهموسها، واختلافها. فأصل حروف العربية تسعة وعشرون حرفاً: .... وتكون خمسةً وثلاثين حرفاً بحروف هن فروعٌ، وأصلها من التسعة والعشرين، وهي كثيرةٌ يؤخذ بها وتستحسن في قراءة القرآن والأشعار، وهي: النون الخفيفة، والهمزة التي بين بين، والألف التي تمال إمالة شديدة، والشين التي كالجيم، والصاد التي تكون كالزاي، وألف التفخيم، يعنى بلغة أهل الحجاز، في قولهم: الصلاة والزكاة والحياة. وتكون اثنين وأربعين حرفاً بحروف غير مستحسنةٍ ولا كثيرةٍ في لغة من ترتضى عربيته، ولا تستحسن في قراءة القرآن ولا في الشعر؛ وهي: الكاف التي بين الجيم والكاف، والجيم التي كالكاف، والجيم التي كالشين، والضاد الضعيفة، والصاد التي كالسين، والطاء التي كالتاء، والظاء التي كالثاء، والباء التي كالفاء. إلخ (انظر تفصيل ذلك في الكتاب في الوراق ص 448)

**koorosh** · 01-26-2007, 09:48 AM

_MD_RE: حول اللغة الفارسية

شكرا لك يا صديقي اس اس نعم نبي إيران القديم كان إسمه زرادشت (يعني من كان جَمَله أصفر) وكان له كتاب إسمه أوستا =avesta. و إسم إله إيران القديم كان أهورا مزداكان يعيش زرادشت في القرن السادس قبل الميلادو إسم دينه زرادشتي -أنتم تسمونه المجوس <img alt=" " src="http://fc01.deviantart.com/fs15/i/2007/024/e/3/What_Did_for_ancestors__by_anothervista.jpg" /> هذا زردشت الكبير و المبني تحته مقبرة كورش الهخامنشيه الشاه الكبير لإيران القديمة للمزيد من المعلومات حول زرادشت و اوستا راجعو: <a href="http://www.avesta.org/avesta.html">http://www.avesta.org/avesta.html</a> <img alt=" " src="http://www.wataonline.net/site/uploads/smil3dbd4d6422f04.gif" /> <img alt=" " src="http://kooroshekabir.persiangig.com/image/zartosht/zartosht.jpg" />

**koorosh** · 01-26-2007, 09:54 AM

_MD_RE: حول اللغة الفارسية

 نماذج من خط الفارسية القديمة( فارسيةالمرحلة الاولي) <img alt=" " src="http://i18.tinypic.com/2affq04.jpg" /> <img alt=" " src="http://i2.tinypic.com/qn07f4.jpg" /> <img alt=" " src="http://i16.tinypic.com/3z8ag08.jpg" />

**عبدالرحمن السليمان** · 01-26-2007, 03:13 PM

_MD_RE: حول اللغة الفارسية

عزيزي أبا صالح، لكلمة "نبي" معنيان: معنى لغوي بحت يطلق على المتنبئ الذي يتنبأ بناء على وحي يوحيه الله سبحانه وتعالى إليه، وعلى المتنبئ الذي يتنبأ نتيجة لرؤية يراها قد تكون حلما وما أشبه ذلك! ومعنى شرعي اصطلاحي يطلق على الأنبياء الذين وردت أسماؤهم في القرآن الكريم، وهم الأنبياء الذين أوحى الله سبحانه وتعالى إليهم. ويعتبر زردشت نبيا بالمفهوم اللغوي للكلمة العربية، بشقه الثاني (المتنبئ نتيجة لرؤيا وليس لوحي من عند الله)، لا بالمفهوم الاصطلاحي، ذلك أن نبوته لم ترد لا في القرآن الكريم ولا في كتب الكتاب المقدس التي يذكرها القرآن الكريم. وتحية طيبة،

**عبدالرحمن السليمان** · 01-26-2007, 03:21 PM

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عزيزي كورش، تسمى الـ Avesta بالعربية: الأبستاق. وبما أنك من العارفين بديانة زردشت، حبذا لو قدمت لنا نبذة يسيرة عنها. ما هي أهم المعتقدات التي نادى بها زردشت؟ ولماذا تسمى ديانته بالديانة "الثنوية"؟ هل صحيح لأن زردشت يقول بإلاهين اثنين واحد للخير (أهورا مازدا) وآخر للشر (أهرمان)؟ وهل ترد كلمة المجوس في ديانة زردشت؟ هل هم "كهنة النار"؟ وتحية طيبة،

**koorosh** · 02-06-2007, 10:16 PM

_MD_RE: حول اللغة الفارسية

اهلا بك يا صديقي و عفوا لتأخيري و بالنسبة إلي سوالك هذه المعلومات مفيدة : Zartosht (Zaratushtra) Zarathushtra's Philosophy Basic Overview Ahura Mazda Literally translated, Ahura means The Lord Creator, and Mazda means Supremely Wise. This was the name by which Zarathushtra addressed his God. He proclaimed that there is only one God, who is the singular creative and sustaining force of the Universe. Zarathushtra was the first Prophet who brought a monotheistic religion. Choice As human beings we are given the right to choose. However, because of the law of cause and effect, we are also responsible for our choices, and must face their consequences. Dualism Even though there is only one God, our universe works on the basis of moral dualism. There is Spenta Mainyu (progressive mentality) and Angra Mainyu (evil or regressive mentality). Zarathushtra pleaded with us to think clearly before we choose, and asked us to choose the progressive choices to bring about beneficial consequences. He said that Ahura Mazda would not order us to choose either this or that. In other words, having given us the ability to choose, Ahura Mazda leaves us alone and allows us to make our choices. And if we choose good, we will bring about good, and if we choose evil, we will cause evil. This is how the moral universe operates. Devil / Ahriman Based on the previous principle, we are the causes of all the good and all the evil that happens in our moral universe. Or simply stated, according to Zarathushtra, there is no Devil. However, some of the Post-Zarathushtra scripture introduced the concept of the Devil, or Ahriman, which was effectively a personification of Angra Mainyu. Purpose in Life To be among those who renew the world, to make the world progress towards perfection. Happiness Happiness is a byproduct of a way of living. And happiness is for those who work for the happiness of others. Amesha Spentas (Holy Immortals) Zarathushtra tells us that Ahura Mazda created everything based on the 6 Amesha Spentas, which are in fact divine emanations or aspects of the creator. These are: 1.Vohu Mano : The spirit of the Good Mind 2.Asha : The spirit of Truth and Right 3.Khshatra : The spirit of Holy sovereignty 4.Spenta Armaiti : The spirit of Benevolent Devotion and Love 5.Haurvatat : The spirit of Perfection and Well-Being 6.Ameretat : The spirit of Immortality. According to Zarathushtra not only the universe was created on the basis of these six, but also they permeate every aspect of creation including ourselves. Angels Later on, Post-Zarathushtra Zoroastrianism mythologized the Amesha Spentas into angelic hierarchies, and brought back some of the Pre-Zarathushtra Gods into the scripture as angels. Cosmology Ahura Mazda first created Vohu Mano or the Spirit of the Good Mind, through which God created a plan or blueprint for the universe. Part of this blueprint was to incorporate an operating mode and operating laws. This was Asha or the spirit of Truth en comes the actual act physical creation, which involved certain actions and manifestations. This is Khshatra or the spirit of Holy Sovereignty. These manifestations are actualized through Spenta Armaiti, with much devotion, faith and love. And finally that the universe is created in the spirit of Perfection (Haurvatat) and is timeless and immortal (Ameretat). Microcosm Each one of us carries the divine essence within ourselves. It is our duty to recognize this and act accordingly. How? Based on Zarathushtra's teachings, we can and should act like Ahura Mazda. We should think about every choice that we wish to make and in the spirit of our good mind choose wisely. We should respect the natural and moral laws and operating mode of the universe. We should act diligently, with love and faith. And we will then make perfect and timeless choices, and fulfil our purpose of renewing the world. Co-workers We are co-workers and co-creators of God. We are here to fulfil the divine plan, not to become obedient slaves of God, nor to be helpless children of God. And this is why we are given the choice. Even the choice not to cooperate with God's plan and go against it, and that is why we find evil in the world. Because there are some who choose not to work according to God's plan. Heaven and Hell According to Zarathushtra after we leave this life, our essence leaves the body, and depending on the choices that it has made, either it will go to the House of Songs or Realm of light (if he has made good choices) or to the Realm of Darkness and Separation (if evil choices). Heaven and Hell are not physical places, but are described as timeless states of consciousness: either state of oneness with or separation from Ahura Mazda. Post-Zarathushtra Zoroastrianism mythologized these timeless states of consciousness into everlasting physical locations and descriptive places. This later concept permeated into Judeo-Christian religions. Some Corollaries Since we are all endowed with the divine essence, we are all good and divine. Therefore it is not the human beings who are evil, but their choices, actions and deeds that could be good or evil. There is only one way to fight evil, and that is by spreading goodness, just as there is only one way to fight the darkness, and that is by spreading light. Similarly, only by spreading love can we eliminate hatred and enmity, and not by fighting and opposing each other. Some Basic Maxims of Zoroastrianism Humata, Hukhta, Huvarshta, which mean: Good Thoughts, Good Words, Good Deeds. There is only one path and that is the path of Truth. Do the right thing because it is the right thing to do, and then all beneficial rewards will come to you also. المصدر: <a href="http://parents.berkeley.edu/madar-pedar/zaratustra.html">http://parents.berkeley.edu/madar-pedar/zaratustra.html</a> للمزيد من المعلومات بأمكانك الرجوع إلي : <a href="http://www.zarathushtra.com/z/admin/tableof.htm">http://www.zarathushtra.com/z/admin/tableof.htm</a> <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Zartosht">http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Zartosht</a> <img alt=" " src="http://www.wataonline.net/site/uploads/smil3dbd4e4c2e742.gif" />

**koorosh** · 02-07-2007, 03:04 PM

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Zartosht (Zaratushtra)
Philosophy Basic Overview

Ahura Mazda Literally translated, Ahura means The Lord Creator, and Mazda means Supremely Wise. This was the name by which Zarathushtra addressed his God. He proclaimed that there is only one God, who is the singular creative and sustaining force of the Universe. Zarathushtra was the first Prophet who brought a monotheistic religion. Choice As human beings we are given the right to choose. However, because of the law of cause and effect, we are also responsible for our choices, and must face their consequences. Dualism Even though there is only one God, our universe works on the basis of moral dualism. There is Spenta Mainyu (progressive mentality) and Angra Mainyu (evil or regressive mentality). Zarathushtra pleaded with us to think clearly before we choose, and asked us to choose the progressive choices to bring about beneficial consequences. He said that Ahura Mazda would not order us to choose either this or that. In other words, having given us the ability to choose, Ahura Mazda leaves us alone and allows us to make our choices. And if we choose good, we will bring about good, and if we choose evil, we will cause evil. This is how the moral universe operates. Devil / Ahriman Based on the previous principle, we are the causes of all the good and all the evil that happens in our moral universe. Or simply stated, according to Zarathushtra, there is no Devil. However, some of the Post-Zarathushtra scripture introduced the concept of the Devil, or Ahriman, which was effectively a personification of Angra Mainyu. Purpose in Life To be among those who renew the world, to make the world progress towards perfection. Happiness Happiness is a byproduct of a way of living. And happiness is for those who work for the happiness of others. Amesha Spentas (Holy Immortals) Zarathushtra tells us that Ahura Mazda created everything based on the 6 Amesha Spentas, which are in fact divine emanations or aspects of the creator. These are: 1.Vohu Mano : The spirit of the Good Mind 2.Asha : The spirit of Truth and Right 3.Khshatra : The spirit of Holy sovereignty 4.Spenta Armaiti : The spirit of Benevolent Devotion and Love 5.Haurvatat : The spirit of Perfection and Well-Being 6.Ameretat : The spirit of Immortality. According to Zarathushtra not only the universe was created on the basis of these six, but also they permeate every aspect of creation including ourselves. Angels Later on, Post-Zarathushtra Zoroastrianism mythologized the Amesha Spentas into angelic hierarchies, and brought back some of the Pre-Zarathushtra Gods into the scripture as angels. Cosmology Ahura Mazda first created Vohu Mano or the Spirit of the Good Mind, through which God created a plan or blueprint for the universe. Part of this blueprint was to incorporate an operating mode and operating laws. This was Asha or the spirit of Truth en comes the actual act physical creation, which involved certain actions and manifestations. This is Khshatra or the spirit of Holy Sovereignty. These manifestations are actualized through Spenta Armaiti, with much devotion, faith and love. And finally that the universe is created in the spirit of Perfection (Haurvatat) and is timeless and immortal (Ameretat). Microcosm Each one of us carries the divine essence within ourselves. It is our duty to recognize this and act accordingly. How? Based on Zarathushtra's teachings, we can and should act like Ahura Mazda. We should think about every choice that we wish to make and in the spirit of our good mind choose wisely. We should respect the natural and moral laws and operating mode of the universe. We should act diligently, with love and faith. And we will then make perfect and timeless choices, and fulfil our purpose of renewing the world. Co-workers We are co-workers and co-creators of God. We are here to fulfil the divine plan, not to become obedient slaves of God, nor to be helpless children of God. And this is why we are given the choice. Even the choice not to cooperate with God's plan and go against it, and that is why we find evil in the world. Because there are some who choose not to work according to God's plan. Heaven and Hell According to Zarathushtra after we leave this life, our essence leaves the body, and depending on the choices that it has made, either it will go to the House of Songs or Realm of light (if he has made good choices) or to the Realm of Darkness and Separation (if evil choices). Heaven and Hell are not physical places, but are described as timeless states of consciousness: either state of oneness with or separation from Ahura Mazda. Post-Zarathushtra Zoroastrianism mythologized these timeless states of consciousness into everlasting physical locations and descriptive places. This later concept permeated into Judeo-Christian religions. Some Corollaries Since we are all endowed with the divine essence, we are all good and divine. Therefore it is not the human beings who are evil, but their choices, actions and deeds that could be good or evil. There is only one way to fight evil, and that is by spreading goodness, just as there is only one way to fight the darkness, and that is by spreading light. Similarly, only by spreading love can we eliminate hatred and enmity, and not by fighting and opposing each other. Some Basic Maxims of Zoroastrianism Humata, Hukhta, Huvarshta, which mean: Good Thoughts, Good Words, Good Deeds. There is only one path and that is the path of Truth. Do the right thing because it is the right thing to do, and then all beneficial rewards will come to you also.

http://parents.berkeley.edu/madar-pedar/zaratustra.html

**koorosh** · 02-07-2007, 03:07 PM

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للمزيد من المعلومات:
http://www.zarathushtra.com/z/admin/tableof.htm

**ahmed_allaithy** · 02-07-2007, 03:18 PM

حول اللغة الفارسية

ورد عاليه:Zarathushtra was the first Prophet who brought a monotheistic religion. كان زرادشت أول نبي دعا (أتى) بديانة توحيدية. يبدو لي أن كاتب هذا الكلام لا يؤمن بوجود آدم عليه السلام، ولا أي نبي أو رسول بعد آدم عليه السلام إلى وقت زرادشت. ولا علم له بأن الفطرة توحيدية. سبحان الله! له في خلقه شئون!

**عبدالرحمن السليمان** · 02-07-2007, 07:48 PM

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أخي الدكتور أحمد، أنت تعلم أن دين زردشت ليس توحيديا بل ثنوي لأنه يقول بفاعلين اثنين لا يزالان! لكن كاتب المقالة يغالط.

**ahmed_allaithy** · 02-07-2007, 07:53 PM

_MD_RE: حول اللغة الفارسية

أخي عبد الرحمن صحيح ولذلك فوجئت بهذا الكلام في بداية المقال. وأنا في الحقيقة لم اقرأه كله بعد.

**koorosh** · 02-10-2007, 09:09 PM

_MD_RE: حول اللغة الفارسية

نماذج من خط الفارسية الفهلوية ( فارسيةالمرحلة الثانية) <img alt=" " src="http://i11.tinypic.com/3ypjbbb.gif" /> للمزيد من المعلومات:<h2>Links</h2>Parthian and Middle Persian written literature<a href="http://www.artarena.force9.co.uk/parthlit.htm">http://www.artarena.force9.co.uk/parthlit.htm</a> Pahlavi literature<a href="http://www.farvardyn.com/pahlavi.php">http://www.farvardyn.com/pahlavi.php</a> Pahlavi <> English dictionary<a href="http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/indologie/lil/cpd-search.html">http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/indologie/lil/cpd-search.html</a> Free Pahlavi fonts<a href="http://cnes.cla.umn.edu/resources/IranianPages/pahlavi_fonts.htm">http://cnes.cla.umn.edu/resources/IranianPages/pahlavi_fonts.htm</a> <a href="http://www.iranchamber.com/scripts/pahlavi_script.php">http://www.iranchamber.com/scripts/pahlavi_script.php</a> Sogdian <> English dictionary<a href="http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/indologie/lil/sd-search.html">http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/indologie/lil/sd-search.html</a> Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies at the School of Oriental and Asian Studies (SOAS), University of London: <a href="http://www.cais-soas.com/">http://www.cais-soas.com</a>

**koorosh** · 02-19-2007, 03:55 PM

_MD_RE: حول اللغة الفارسية

Persian Alphabet

he Persian language has been written with a number of different scripts, including Old Persian Cuneiform, Pahlavi, Aramaic, and Avestan. After the Islamic conquest of the Persian Sassanid Empire in 642 CE, Arabic became the language of government, culture and especially religion.

Persian or Farsi, a member of the Iranian branch of Indo-European languages with about 58 million speakers in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan. The form of Persian spoken in Afghanistan is called Dari, while the form spoken in Tajikistan is known as Tajik and is written with the Cyrillic alphabet.

Under Mongolian and Turkish rulers, Persian was adopted as the language of government in Turkey, central Asia and India, where it was used for centuries, and until after 1900 in Kashmir.

Modern Persian, written in a version of the Arabic script (28 letters) except letters marked RED, which are belong to the Persian version (32 letters), and full of words of Arabic origin, appeared during the 9th century.

Notable Features
Words are written from right to left, numbers are written from left to right.
Short vowels are not written, which means the pronunciation and meaning of many words is determined by context.
Most letters change form depending on whether they appear at the beginning, middle or end of a word, or on their own.
Arabic loan words are written with their original spelling, though they are often pronounced quite differently in Persian.

http://www.iranchamber.com/scripts/persian_alphabet.php

**koorosh** · 03-12-2007, 08:54 PM

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إحصائيات Arabic Translators International _ الجمعية الدولية لمترجمي العربية