تويت
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left" align="justify"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: #c3003a">International Commercial Terms ( INCOTERMS )</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left"><a name="xEXW"><b><span style="color: red"><br />EXW</span></b></a> {+ the named place}<br /><b>Ex Works</b> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left"><b>Ex</b> means <span style="color: green">from</span>. <b>Works</b> means <span style="color: green">factory</span>, <span style="color: green">mill</span> or <span style="color: green">warehouse</span>, which is the seller's premises. EXW applies to goods available only at the seller's premises. Buyer is responsible for loading the goods on truck or container at the seller's premises, and for the subsequent costs and risks. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">In practice, it is not uncommon that the seller loads the goods on truck or container at the seller's premises without charging loading fee.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">In the quotation, indicate the named place (seller's premises) after the acronym <b>EXW</b>, for example <b>EXW Kobe</b> and <b>EXW San Antonio</b>.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">The term <b>EXW</b> is commonly used between the manufacturer (seller) and export-trader (buyer), and the export-trader resells on other trade terms to the foreign buyers. Some manufacturers may use the term <b><span style="color: green">Ex Factory</span></b>, which means the same as Ex Works.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left"><a name="xFCA"><b><span style="color: red">FCA</span></b></a> {+ the named point of departure}<br /><b>Free Carrier</b> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">The delivery of goods on truck, rail car or container at the specified point (depot) of departure, which is usually the seller's premises, or a named railroad station or a named cargo terminal or into the custody of the carrier, at seller's expense. The point (depot) at origin may or may not be a customs clearance center. Buyer is responsible for the main carriage/freight, cargo insurance and other costs and risks. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">In the air shipment, technically speaking, goods placed in the custody of an air carrier is considered as delivery on board the plane. In practice, <span style="color: red">many importers and exporters still use the term <b>FOB</b> in the air shipment.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">The term <b>FCA</b> is also used in the RO/RO (roll on/roll off) services.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">In the export quotation, indicate the point of departure (loading) after the acronym <b>FCA</b>, for example <b>FCA Hong Kong</b> and <b>FCA Seattle</b>.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">Some manufacturers may use the former terms <b><span style="color: green">FOT</span></b> (Free On Truck) and <b><span style="color: green">FOR</span></b> (Free On Rail) in selling to export-traders.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left"><a name="xFAS"><b><span style="color: red">FAS</span></b></a> {+ the named port of origin}<br /><b>Free Alongside Ship</b> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">Goods are placed in the dock shed or at the side of the ship, on the dock or lighter, within reach of its loading equipment so that they can be loaded aboard the ship, at seller's expense. Buyer is responsible for the loading fee, main carriage/freight, cargo insurance, and other costs and risks. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">In the export quotation, indicate the port of origin (loading) after the acronym <b>FAS</b>, for example <b>FAS New York</b> and <b>FAS Bremen</b>.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">The FAS term is popular in the break-bulk shipments and with the importing countries using their own vessels.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left"><a name="xFOB"><b><span style="color: red">FOB</span></b></a> {+ the named port of origin}<br /><b>Free On Board</b> <br /><br />The delivery of goods on board the vessel at the named port of origin (loading), at seller's expense. Buyer is responsible for the main carriage/freight, cargo insurance and other costs and risks. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">In the export quotation, indicate the port of origin (loading) after the acronym <b>FOB</b>, for example <b>FOB Vancouver</b> and <b>FOB Shanghai</b>.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">Under the rules of the INCOTERMS 1990, the term <b>FOB</b> is used for ocean freight only. However, in practice, <span style="color: red">many importers and exporters still use the term <b>FOB</b> in the air freight.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">In <place w:st="on">North America</place>, the term <b>FOB</b> has other applications. Many buyers and sellers in <country-region w:st="on">Canada</country-region> and the <place w:st="on"><country-region w:st="on">U.S.A.</country-region></place> dealing on the open account and consignment basis are accustomed to using the shipping terms <b>FOB Origin</b> and <b>FOB Destination</b>.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><b>FOB Origin</b> means the buyer is responsible for the freight and other costs and risks. <b>FOB Destination</b> means the seller is responsible for the freight and other costs and risks until the goods are delivered to the buyer's premises, which may include the import customs clearance and payment of import customs duties and taxes at the buyer's country, depending on the agreement between the buyer and seller.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">In international trade, <span style="color: red">avoid using the shipping terms <b>FOB Origin</b> and <b>FOB Destination</b></span>, which are not part of the INCOTERMS (International Commercial Terms).</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left"><a name="xCFR"><b><span style="color: red">CFR</span></b></a> {+ the named port of destination}<br /><b>Cost and Freight</b> <br /><br />The delivery of goods to the named port of destination (discharge) at the seller's expense. Buyer is responsible for the cargo insurance and other costs and risks. The term <b>CFR</b> was formerly written as <b><span style="color: green">C&F</span></b>. <span style="color: red">Many importers and exporters worldwide still use the term <b>C&F</b>.</span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">In the export quotation, indicate the port of destination (discharge) after the acronym <b>CFR</b>, for example <b>CFR Karachi</b> and <b>CFR Alexandria</b>.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">Under the rules of the INCOTERMS 1990, the term <b>Cost and Freight</b> is used for ocean freight only. However, in practice, <span style="color: red">the term <b>Cost and Freight (C&F)</b> is still commonly used in the air freight.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break" /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left"><a name="xCIF"><b><span style="color: red">CIF</span></b></a> {+ the named port of destination}<br /><b>Cost, Insurance and Freight</b> <br /><br />The cargo insurance and delivery of goods to the named port of destination (discharge) at the seller's expense. Buyer is responsible for the import customs clearance and other costs and risks. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">In the export quotation, indicate the port of destination (discharge) after the acronym <b>CIF</b>, for example <b>CIF Pusan</b> and <b>CIF Singapore</b>.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">Under the rules of the INCOTERMS 1990, the term <b>CIF</b> is used for ocean freight only. However, in practice, <span style="color: red">many importers and exporters still use the term <b>CIF</b> in the air freight.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left"><a name="xCPT"><b><span style="color: red">CPT</span></b></a> {+ the named place of destination}<br /><b>Carriage Paid To</b> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">The delivery of goods to the named place of destination (discharge) at seller's expense. Buyer assumes the cargo insurance, import customs clearance, payment of customs duties and taxes, and other costs and risks. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">In the export quotation, indicate the place of destination (discharge) after the acronym <b>CPT</b>, for example <b>CPT Los Angeles</b> and <b>CPT Osaka</b>.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left"><a name="xCIP"><b><span style="color: red">CIP</span></b></a> {+ the named place of destination}<br /><b>Carriage and Insurance Paid To</b> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">The delivery of goods and the cargo insurance to the named place of destination (discharge) at seller's expense. Buyer assumes the import customs clearance, payment of customs duties and taxes, and other costs and risks. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">In the export quotation, indicate the place of destination (discharge) after the acronym <b>CIP</b>, for example <b>CIP Paris</b> and <b>CIP Athens</b>.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left"><a name="xDAF"><b><span style="color: red">DAF</span></b></a> {+ the named point at frontier}<br /><b>Delivered At Frontier</b> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">The delivery of goods to the specified point at the frontier at seller's expense. Buyer is responsible for the import customs clearance, payment of customs duties and taxes, and other costs and risks. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">In the export quotation, indicate the point at frontier (discharge) after the acronym <b>DAF</b>, for example <b>DAF Buffalo</b> and <b>DAF Welland</b>.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break" /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left"><a name="xDES"><b><span style="color: red">DES</span></b></a> {+ the named port of destination}<br /><b>Delivered Ex Ship</b> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">The delivery of goods on board the vessel at the named port of destination (discharge), at seller's expense. Buyer assumes the unloading fee, import customs clearance, payment of customs duties and taxes, cargo insurance, and other costs and risks. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">In the export quotation, indicate the port of destination (discharge) after the acronym <b>DES</b>, for example <b>DES Helsinki</b> and <b>DES Stockholm</b>.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left"><a name="xDEQ"><b><span style="color: red">DEQ</span></b></a> {+ the named port of destination}<br /><b>Delivered Ex Quay</b> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">The delivery of goods to the quay (the port) at destination at seller's expense. Seller is responsible for the import customs clearance and payment of customs duties and taxes at the buyer's end. Buyer assumes the cargo insurance and other costs and risks. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">In the export quotation, indicate the port of destination (discharge) after the acronym <b>DEQ</b>, for example <b>DEQ Libreville</b> and <b>DEQ Maputo</b>.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left"><a name="xDDU"><b><span style="color: red">DDU</span></b></a> {+ the named point of destination}<br /><b>Delivered Duty Unpaid</b> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">The delivery of goods and the cargo insurance to the final point at destination, which is often the project site or buyer's premises, at seller's expense. Buyer assumes the import customs clearance and payment of customs duties and taxes. The seller may opt not to insure the goods at his/her own risks. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">In the export quotation, indicate the point of destination (discharge) after the acronym <b>DDU</b>, for example <b>DDU La Paz</b> and <b>DDU Ndjamena</b>.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left"><a name="xDDP"><b><span style="color: red">DDP</span></b></a> {+ the named point of destination}<br /><b>Delivered Duty Paid</b> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">The seller is responsible for most of the expenses, which include the cargo insurance, import customs clearance, and payment of customs duties and taxes at the buyer's end, and the delivery of goods to the final point at destination, which is often the project site or buyer's premises. The seller may opt not to insure the goods at his/her own risks. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; direction: ltr; text-indent: 22.5pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">In the export quotation, indicate the point of destination (discharge) after the acronym <b>DDP</b>, for example <b>DDP Bujumbura</b> and <b>DDP Mbabane</b>.</p>
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همم الرجــــال
أعلى من قمم الجبال
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_MD_RE: International Commercial Terms ( INCOTERMS ) "extracted"
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left"><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: #5a0087">Abbreviations, Acronyms and Symbols</span></strong></p><div align="center"><table class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: #eeddcc; width: 457.85pt; mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="610" border="0"><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; background: #8299cc; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center"><a name="abbrev-Symbol"><strong><span style="color: white">Symbol,<br />Sign or Mark</span></strong></a></p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; background: #c5d0c9; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center"><strong><span style="color: white">Stands For</span></strong></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 457.85pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="610" colspan="2"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left"></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center">&</p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">And</p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center">@</p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">At; Each</p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center">X</p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">By (in measurement); Multiply</p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center">¢</p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">Cent; Penny</p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center">(C) <span style="color: gray">[or]</span> ©</p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">Copyright</p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center">°</p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">Degree</p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center">$</p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">Dollar</p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center">/</p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">Each; Per</p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center">'</p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">Foot</p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center">"</p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">Inch</p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center">></p><p></p><p></p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">Larger than; Greater than</p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center">µ</p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">Micro</p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center">#</p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">Number</p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center">%</p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">Percent</p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center">£</p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">Pound Sterling (British currency)</p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center">(R) <span style="color: gray">[or]</span> ®</p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">Registered</p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center">SM</p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">Service mark</p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center"><</p><p></p><p></p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">Smaller than; Less than</p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 20"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center">TM</p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">Trademark</p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 21; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 219.3pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" valign="top" width="292"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center">¥</p></td><td style="border-right: #ebe9ed; padding-right: 3.75pt; border-top: #ebe9ed; padding-left: 3.75pt; padding-bottom: 3.75pt; border-left: #ebe9ed; width: 238.55pt; padding-top: 3.75pt; border-bottom: #ebe9ed; background-color: transparent" width="318"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: left">Yen (Japanese currency)</p></td></tr></table></div>همم الرجــــال
أعلى من قمم الجبال
-
_MD_RE: International Commercial Terms ( INCOTERMS ) "extracted"
تحياتي يا صديقي
بعد النظر و التأمل في مصطلحات التجارة الدولية
رأيت ان من المناسب و الجيد جداً أن نقوم بترجمة جادة لهذه المصطلحات الى اللغة العربية و أنا أعرض مشروعاً هنا لترجمة هذه المصطلحات بالتعاون مع أحد الأخوة في هذا المنتدى القدير
علماً بأني أعمل في مجال التأمين البحري و تقع هذه المصطلحات ضمن أختصاصي .تعليق
تعليق