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Differences in Word-order between English and Arabicالاختلافات في ترتيب الكلمات في جمل اللغة العربية والإنجليزية
English sentences start with a subject. In other words, English has an SVO order. That is the sentence starts with the subject followed by the verb followed by the object (When we have a subject, a verb and an object then they have this order).
e.g. The boy ate an apple.
The boy is the subject, ate is the verb and the apple is the object.
Word order in Arabic, however, is mostly, VSO. In fact, most Arabic sentences have this order and they start with the verb, followed by the subject, followed by the object.
Thus the English sentence; The boy ate an apple, is translated into Arabic as; أكل الولد التفاحة and the Arabic sentence
شرح المعلم الدرس
would be translated into English as
The teacher explained the lesson.
Arabic has also sentences which are called nominal sentences
جمل إسمية in the sense that they start with a noun: Such sentences are topic-comment sentences as in the example;
الولد ذكي The boy is clever. Such sentence has no verb expressed.
The English sentence has verb to be (is) in the present tense. In Arabic, however, the sentence is verbless. Thus, if we have a sentence such as the boy is clever, when we translate it into Arabic, we do not express the verb.
If on the other hand, we are translating from Arabic into English then we must supply the verb.
If the English sentence has verb to be in the past simple tense, then we express it in Arabic, but, then, we have a verbal sentence in Arabic. The boy was clever would be translated into Arabic as كان الولد ذكيا.
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