مراجع في الترجمة_Translation References

**ahmed_allaithy** · 04-13-2007, 06:36 AM

_MD_RE: مراجع في الترجمة_Translation References

**ahmed_allaithy** · 05-07-2007, 06:25 PM

Translating and Interpreting Conflict

<div>Translating and Interpreting ConflictMyriam Salama-Carr (Ed.)Amsterdam/New York, NY 2007. VII, 282 pp. (Approaches to Translation Studies 28)ISBN: 978-90-420-2200-3 Paper € 58.-/ US$ 78.-<a href="http://www.rodopi.nl/senj.asp?BookId=ATS+28" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://www.rodopi.nl/senj.asp?BookId=ATS+28</a><a href="http://www.monabaker.com/tsresources/newpubs_more.php?id=3270_0_4_0_M" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://www.monabaker.com/tsresources/newpubs_more.php?id=3270_0_4_0_M</a>The relationship between translation and conflict is highly relevant in today’s globalised and fragmented world, and this is attracting increased academic interest. This collection of essays was inspired by the first international conference to directly address the translator and interpreter’s involvement in situations of military and ideological conflict, and its representation in fiction. The collection adopts an interdisciplinary approach, and the contributors to the volume bring to bear a variety of perspectives informed by media studies, historiography, literary scholarship and self-reflective interpreting and translation practice. The reader is presented with compelling case studies of the ‘embeddedness’ of translators and interpreters, either on the ground or as portrayed in fiction, and of their roles in mediating, memorizing or rewriting conflict. The theoretical reflection which the essays generate regarding mediation and neutrality, ethical involvement and responsibility, and the implications for translator and interpreter training, will be of interest to researchers in translation, interpreting, media, intercultural and postcolonial studies. Myriam Salama-Carr is Professor of Translation Studies at the University of Salford. She is the author of La Traduction à l’époque abbasside (1990) on the development of medieval Arabic translation, and has published numerous articles on the history and didactics of translation, including recent contributions to Translating Others (2006), Intercultural Communication Studies (2006), Social Semiotics (2007), La théorie Interprétative de la traduction II (2005), and The Medieval Translator VIII (2004). She was the originator and organiser of the conference<span lang="E

**ahmed_allaithy** · 05-17-2007, 04:22 PM

_MD_RE: مراجع في الترجمة_Translation References

Cultural Dissemination and Translational CommunitiesGerman Drama in English Translation, 1900-1914 <h3 style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align="center">Katja Krebs</h3>ISBN 1-900650-99-1<a href="http://www.stjerome.co.uk/page.php?id=490&doctype=StJBooks&section=1 &msg=&finds=0&string" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://www.stjerome.co.uk/page.php?id=490&doctype=StJBooks&section=1 &msg=&finds=0&string</a>=<div>The early twentieth century is widely regarded as a crucial period in British theatre history: it witnessed radical reform and change with regard to textual, conceptual and institutional practices and functions. Theatre practitioners and cultural innovators such as translators Harley Granville Barker, William Archer and Jacob Thomas Grein, amongst others, laid the foundations during this period for – what is now regarded to be – modern British theatre. In this groundbreaking work, Katja Krebs offers one of the first extended attempts to integrate translation history with theatre history by analyzing the relationship between translational practice and the development of domestic dramatic tradition. She examines the relationship between the multiple roles inhabited by these cultural and theatrical reformers – directors, playwrights, critics, actors and translators – and their positioning in a wider social and cultural context. Here, she takes into consideration the translators as members of an artistic network or community, the ideological and personal factors underlying translational choices, the contemporaneous evaluative framework within which this translational activity for the stage occurred, as well as the imprints of social and cultural traces within specific translated texts. Krebs employs the examples from this period in order to raise a series of wider issues on translating dramatic texts which are important to a variety of periods and cultures. Cultural Dissemination and Translational Communities demonstrates that an analysis of stage-translational practices allows for an understanding of theatre history that avoids being narrowly national and instead embraces an appreciation of cultural hybridity. The importance of translational activity in the construction of a domestic dramatic tradition is demonstrated within a framework of interdisciplinarity that enhances our understanding of theatrical, translational as well as cultural and social systems at the international level. </div><div align="left"><div align="left"></div><div align="center">Table of Contents</div>Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter 1. Unlikely Bedfellows? – Theatre Histories and Translation Studies 1.1 The State of Play: Theatre Studies and Theatre History 1.2 Theatre Translation Studies 1.3 Translation History 1.4 Text and Performance Chapter 2. Tangled Webs They Weave – The Opportunist Translators within the Interwoven Theatrical Community 2.1 Setting the Scene – The London Stage; a (Sub-)Field in the Making? 2.2 Networks and NetworkersChapter 3. Spoilt for Choice: Translators and their Selection of Source Texts 3.1 Similarities of Selection 3.2 Three Reformers, Three Selections 3.2.1 William Archer 3.2.2 Jacob Thomas Grein 3.2.3 Harley Granville Barker 3.3 Ideology: The Individual Amid the Collective Chapter 4. "England Expects …" – Sanctions, Norms and Expectations 4.1 Defining Parameters of Analysis 4.1.1 The Myth of Equivalence 4.1.2 The Review as Sanction 4.1.3 The Review as Metatext 4.1.4 The Review Sample 4.2 The Translated Other and the Inflated Self – Reviews at Work 4.2.1 Equivalence in Concepts of Stage Translation 4.2.2 'Being on One's Guard': An Awareness of Equivalence and Cultural Hegemony 4.2.3 'Blue Lines' – Translation, Morality and Censorship of the Other 4.2.4 Translation and Genre 4.2.5 'A Eurovision Stage Contest' – Hegemony and other Target Cultures 4.2.6 Harley Granville Barker: Cultural Capital and the Translator as Re-writer? 4.3 The Exception to the Rule 4.3.1 William Archer, the Academy and Acculturation Chapter 5. Dusting Down the Playtext for Imprints: An Investigation into Cultural and Social Traces in Translations 5.1 Paratexts 5.2 The Green Cockatoo 5.3 Anatol Conclusion Appendix: German Drama in English Translation on the London Stage - 1900-1920 Bibliography _________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ ____</div>

**ahmed_allaithy** · 05-19-2007, 05:59 PM

Social Semiotics, Volume 17 Issue 2 2007

<h1><a title="Click to go to publication home" href="http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713446841~db=all" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Social Semiotics</a>, Volume <a title="Click to view volume" href="http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713446841~db=all~tab=issueslist~bra nches=17#v17" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">17</a> Issue 2 2007 </h1><div>ISSN: 1470-1219 (electronic) 1035-0330 (paper) </div><div><div></div>Publisher: Routledge </div><div></div><div>Guest-editor: Myriam Salama-Carr</div><div></div><div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="100%" border="0"><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"><div><a href="http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=g778377336~db=all" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=g778377336~db=all</a></div><div></div></td><td align="right"></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="hidefromprint" style="border-bottom: #dddddd 1px solid"> </td><td style="width: 100%; border-bottom: #dddddd 1px solid"><div>Introduction </div><div>Pages 131 - 133 </div><div>Author: Myriam Salama-Carr </div><div></div><div></div></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="hidefromprint" style="border-bottom: #dddddd 1px solid"> </td><td style="width: 100%; border-bottom: #dddddd 1px solid"><div></div><div>Situating Discourse on Translation and Conflict </div><div class="pagenumber">Pages 135 - 150 </div><div>Author: Siobhan Brownlie </div><div></div><div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td><div id="section"><div class="abstract">This essay situates discourse on translation and conflict within a broad perspective, covering research approaches in the discipline of Translation Studies since the "descriptive approach" was established in the 1970s. It is suggested that the discourse on translation and conflict belongs in the main to a branch of "committed approaches" in Translation Studies, which, while not promoting particular methods of translating, highlights the impossibility of neutrality, and thus the necessity of recognizing the interventionist role of translators. Notions at the heart of the work of two leading scholars of translation and conflict, Baker and Tymoczko, are discussed in some detail. Their work is also critiqued, and a counterpoint is presented: the article on translation and war by Jones, which introduces the concept of the Derridian decision. The essay ends with a proposal for combining the perceived strengths of descriptive and committed approaches in translation research through recourse to Derridian philosophy. </div><div class="abstract"></div></div></td></tr><tr class="keywords"><td>Keywords: Descriptivism; committed approaches; engagement; translation and conflict; Derridean decision </td></tr></table></div><div></div></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="hidefromprint" style="border-bottom: #dddddd 1px solid"> </td><td style="width: 100%; border-bottom: #dddddd 1px solid"><div></div><div>Reframing Conflict in Translation </div><div class="pagenumber">Pages 151 - 169 </div><div>Author: Mona Baker </div><div></div><div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td><div id="section"><div class="abstract">This article draws on narrative theory and the notion of framing, the latter as developed in the literature on social movements, to explore various ways in which translators and interpreters accentuate, undermine or modify contested aspects of the narrative(s) encoded in the source text or utterance. Starting with an outline of the assumptions and strengths of a narrative framework compared with existing theories of translation, the article goes on to define the concept of framing in the context of activist discourse. It then outlines some of the sites - or points in and around the text - at which (re)framing may be achieved, and offers various examples of framing strategies used in written and screen translation. The examples are drawn from translations between English and Arabic in the context of the Middle East conflict and the so-called War on Terror, but the theoretical issues outlined are not language specific or context specific. </div><div class="abstract"></div></div></td></tr><tr class="keywords"><td>Keywords: Narrative; framing; "War on Terror"; Arabic; Middle East Conflict </td></tr></table></div></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="hidefromprint" style="border-bottom: #dddddd 1px solid"><div></div><div></div></td><td style="width: 100%; border-bottom: #dddddd 1px solid"><div></div><div>Galileo's Revenge: Ways of Construing Knowledge and Translation Strategies in the Era of Globalization </div><div class="pagenumber">Pages 171 - 193 </div><div>Author: Karen Bennett </div><div></div><div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td><div id="section"><div class="abstract">Galileo's fateful confrontation with the Holy Office in 1633 is often taken to mark the start of the Scientific Revolution, the moment when a whole new approach to knowledge began to take over the western world. Among the many repercussions of this great epistemological shift was the development of a new "transparent" type of discourse, felt to reflect reality more directly than the elaborate verbal edifices of the Scholastics. Today, the "authoritative plain style", as Lawrence Venuti calls it, is so prevalent in English academic and factual writing that knowledge configured otherwise is rarely allowed past the cultural gatekeepers. There are countries, however, where, for historical and cultural reasons, the Scientific Revolution never really took place. In Spain and Portugal, for example, the anthropocentric paradigm favoured by the Christian humanist tradition has persisted well into the twenty-first century, and as a result many of the academic texts produced in these countries operate according to an entirely different philosophy of language. This paper discusses some of the linguistic and ideological problems of translating such scholarship into a form that is publishable in English. </div><div class="abstract"></div></div></td></tr><tr class="keywords"><td>Keywords: Academic discourse; translation; knowledge; scientific revolution; anthropocentrism; paradigm shift </td></tr></table></div></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="hidefromprint" style="border-bottom: #dddddd 1px solid"> </td><td style="width: 100%; border-bottom: #dddddd 1px solid"><div></div><div>National Sovereignty versus Universal Rights: Interpreting Justice in a Global Context </div><div class="pagenumber">195 - 212 </div><div>Author: Moira Inghilleri </div><div></div><div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td><div id="section"><div class="abstract">Interpreters/translators serve to both codify and clarify the cultural and linguistic boundaries used to symbolise and prop up nationalist agendas within the political asylum system. This paper examines the nationalist agenda operating within the immigration systems of receiving countries like the United Kingdom, drawing on contemporary political philosophical theory in which both universalist and nationalist discourses have come under increasing scrutiny. It discusses well-established dichotomies such as insider/outsider, national/universal, open/closed borders and the ways in which these explicitly or implicitly continue to inform and support the legitimation of exclusionary policies with regard to asylum seekers. It argues that scholarly appeals to a more internationalised discourse of human rights have not challenged these fundamental dichotomies in the case of refugees or asylum seekers. Instead, it notes a tension between public discourses that are oriented toward mutual understanding, "democratic iterations" and those "authorised discourses" in which pre-established power relations are maintained. The paper considers the role of interpreters/translators in helping to sustain or contest this tension in their place within the "politics of belonging" that informs immigration policies and practice. </div><div class="abstract"></div></div></td></tr><tr class="keywords"><td>Keywords: Interpreters; translation; political asylum; migration; state sovereignty; authorised discourse; democratic iteration; politics of belonging </td></tr></table></div><div></div></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="hidefromprint" style="border-bottom: #dddddd 1px solid"> </td><td style="width: 100%; border-bottom: #dddddd 1px solid"><div></div><div>Negotiating Conflict: Rifà'a Ràfi' al-TahTàw<img alt="imacr" src="http://www.informaworld.com/cache/entities/20/004e9f/ffffff/arialb/tp/012b.png" border="0" /> and the Translation of the "Other" in Nineteenth-century Egypt </div><div class="pagenumber">Pages 213 - 227 </div><div>Author: Myriam Salama-Carr </div><div></div><div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td><div id="section"><div class="abstract">This paper analyses the role of the translator in the representation of alterity and the construction of national identity, with reference to the work of a nineteenth-century Egyptian translator, essayist and educationalist, Rifà'a Ràfi' al-TahTàw<img alt="imacr" src="http://www.informaworld.com/cache/entities/20/000000/ffffff/arial/tp/012b.png" border="0" /> (1801-1874). The essay takhl<img alt="imacr" src="http://www.informaworld.com/cache/entities/20/000000/ffffff/ariali/tp/012b.png" border="0" />S al-ibr<img alt="imacr" src="http://www.informaworld.com/cache/entities/20/000000/ffffff/ariali/tp/012b.png" border="0" />z f<img alt="imacr" src="http://www.informaworld.com/cache/entities/20/000000/ffffff/ariali/tp/012b.png" border="0" /> talkh<img alt="imacr" src="http://www.informaworld.com/cache/entities/20/000000/ffffff/ariali/tp/012b.png" border="0" />S bàr<img alt="imacr" src="http://www.informaworld.com/cache/entities/20/000000/ffffff/ariali/tp/012b.png" border="0" />s ("The Extraction of Gold in the Summarizing of Paris") includes numerous examples of constructive translation and representation, which familiarised and legitimised the "other" through the identification of parallels, common values and experience. Al-TahTàw<img alt="imacr" src="http://www.informaworld.com/cache/entities/20/000000/ffffff/arial/tp/012b.png" border="0" /> negotiated between conflicting discourses of modernism and traditionalism, and it is argued that the issues of representation raised in his work are of particular relevance to contemporary concerns in the geo-political arena. </div><div class="abstract"></div></div></td></tr><tr class="keywords"><td>Keywords: "Interculturality"; "otherness"; Arab Renaissance; nation-building </td></tr></table></div></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="hidefromprint" style="border-bottom: #dddddd 1px solid"> </td><td style="width: 100%; border-bottom: #dddddd 1px solid"><div></div><div>A Text on Trial: The Translation and Adaptation of Adel Hakim's Exécuteur 14 </div><div class="pagenumber">Pages 229 - 257 </div><div>Authors: Roger Baines; Fred Dalmasso </div><div></div><div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td><div id="section"><div class="abstract">This paper deals with the problem of translation for the stage, of translation-adaptation and its subsequent production. It evidences the complexity of this type of practice, given the complex interplay of signs involved not only in translating the text for the stage, but also at the level of performance. The implications for translation theory and practice are discussed through discussion of the translation and performance of a text that is politically engaged, Adel Hakim's Exécuteur 14. This paper also problematizes the relation among different languages within the same text, the role of foreign terms, of syntax, and rhythm in the construction of discourse, and implications for translation. In particular the focus is on the problem of the relation between intertextuality, translation, performance, communication, and value systems. </div></div></td></tr><tr class="keywords"><td>Keywords: Translation; theatre translation; adaptation; performance; intertextuality; syntax and rhythm; language and politics </td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div>

**ahmed_allaithy** · 07-26-2007, 12:03 PM

Representing Others

Representing Others Translation, Ethnography and the MuseumKate SturgeISBN 978-1-905763-01-6Translation Theories Explored, Volume 11 Series Editor: Theo Hermans<a href="http://www.stjerome.co.uk/page.php?id=492&doctype=Translation%20Theories %20Explored&section=3&msg=&finds=0&amp ;string" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://www.stjerome.co.uk/page.php?id=492&doctype=Translation%20Theories %20Explored&section=3&msg=&finds=0&amp ;string</a>=Cultural anthropology has always been dependent on translation as a textual practice, and it has often used ‘translation’ as a metaphor to describe ethnography’s processes of interpretation and cross-cultural comparison. Questions of intelligibility and representation are central to both translation studies and ethnographic writing – as are the dilemmas of cultural distance or proximity, exoticism or appropriation. Similarly, recent work in museum studies discusses problems of representation that are raised by ethnographic museums as multimedia ‘translations’. However, as yet there has been remarkably little interdisciplinary exchange: neither has translation studies kept up with the sophistication of anthropology’s investigations of meaning, representation and ‘culture’ itself, nor have anthropology and museum studies often looked to translation studies for analyses of language difference or concrete methods of tracing translation practices. This book opens up an exciting field of study to translation scholars and suggests possible avenues of cross-disciplinary collaboration.Kate Sturge teaches Translation Studies and German at Aston University, Birmingham, UK. Contents<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="400" border="0"><tr><td valign="top" width="400">List of figures Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Translation as metaphor, translation as practice The translation of culture Culture as translation Translation without language difference? 3. The translatability of cultures Translatability, untranslatability and relativism Alterity and familiarity in ethnographic translations 4. Historical perspectives Colonialism and the rise of British anthropology Translation practices in 'classical' ethnography E.E. Evans-Pritchard's The Nuer 5. Critical innovations in ethnography Confession and the translator's preface Dialogical ethnography Quotation Thick translation Ethnography at home Ruth Behar's Translated Woman 6. Ethnographic translations of verbal art Early twentieth-century collectors The performance dimension The use of layers Retranslation Translating into target-language canons 7. Museum representations The museum as translation Shifting contexts Ideologies of arrangement: the Pitt Rivers Museum Faithfulness and authenticity Verbal interpretation in the museum Museums as contact zones 8. Ethical Perspectives Ownership and authority Dialogue and difference 9. Conclusion Bibliography Index </td></tr></table>

**ahmed_allaithy** · 08-31-2007, 06:15 PM

The Interpreter and Translator Trainer

The Interpreter and Translator Trainer EditorsDorothy Kelly and Catherine WayVolume 1, Number 2, 2007<a href="http://www.stjerome.co.uk/page.php?id=494&doctype=The%20Interpreter%20an d%20Translator%20Trainer%20(ITT)&section=1" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://www.stjerome.co.uk/page.php?id=494&doctype=The%20Interpreter%20an d%20Translator%20Trainer%20(ITT)&section=1</a><div>Competence-based Curriculum Design for Training Translators, pp 163-195Amparo Hurtado Albir (Universitat AutÃ²noma de Barcelona, Spain)This article situates the concept of translation competence and its acquisition in the context of recent competence-based approaches to teaching and learning in general in higher eductaion. It begins with the challenges posed by present-day curricula, the reform of university systems and corresponding changes in teaching requirements, in particular with reference to the European Higher Education Area. It then outlines the basic concepts of competence-based training, following Lasnier (2000), and proceeds to apply the concept specifically to translator training, building on the holistic and dynamic models of translation competence developed by the PACTE research group over recent years. The teaching and learning approach adopted is a translation task-based approach, organized in teaching units. Issues such as the establishment of objectives, task design, sequencing and assessment are all addressed. Finally, the entire approach is illustrated with a practical example. The course module chosen as an illustration is an introductory module to translation into studentsâ€™ A language or mother tongue, structured around six categories of competences, each with their own teaching and learning objectives and curricular content. Learning Creative Writing by Translating Witty Ads, pp 197-222 Sara Laviosa (UniversitÃ di Bari, Italy)The aim of this paper is to present a student-centred methodology for teaching creative writing, which involves the presentation, examination, translation and writing of wordplay in English and Italian advertisements. The approach, design and procedures of the proposed method, as defined by Jack C. Richards and Theodore S. Rodgers (1986:28), draw on the insights of Paolo Balboni (1998), Sonia Colina (2002) and Maria GonzÃ¡lez Davies (2004, 2005). After outlining the main theoretical underpinning of this study, the main features of the design and procedures implemented in the teaching of a four-credit module on inter-cultural mediation at undergraduate level are illustrated. Cross-linguistic analyses of a sample set of material consisting of English and Italian humorous ads, together with the production of original puns in the two languages and translations into and out of English, demonstrate the importance of the interaction between language and culture in creative copywriting and ad translation. Using Systemic Functional Text Analysis for Translator Education:An Illustration with a Focus on Textual Meaning, pp 223-246Mira Kim (Macquarie University, Australia)This paper presents text analysis based on systemic functional linguistic (SFL) theory as a pedagogical tool for the teaching of translation. It is part of a follow-up study of the authorâ€™s initial attempt to use text analysis to explain translation errors and issues found in studentsâ€™ translations in relation to meanings and categorize them into different kinds of meaning, namely experiential, logical, interpersonal and textual (Kim 2003 & forthcoming). In this paper, particular attention is paid to textual meaning, which has not been rigorously researched in translation studies (Baker 1992, House 1977/1997), by analyzing Themes in a set of texts, these being an English source text, two Korean texts translated by students, and a comparable text. Following the analysis, pedagogical effects of SFL-based text analysis are discussed, referring to studentsâ€™ learning journals as well as the results of a survey on studentsâ€™ experiences of applying the tool in learning translation. The quantitative data demonstrates that in general the studentsâ€™ experiences were positive. The qualitative data reveals the specific benefits and difficulties that they experienced. Interpreting Quality as Perceived by Trainee Interpreters: Self-evaluation, pp 247-267 Magdalena BartÅ‚omiejczyk (University of Silesia, Poland)This paper discusses quality assessment of the performance of both professional and student interpreters working in various contexts, using a wide range of methods. It then focuses on self-evaluation by trainee simultaneous interpreters as examined in two empirical studies. The first project applied retrospective verbal protocols to investigate interpreting strategies used by 36 advanced student interpreters working in both directions between Polish (A) and English (B). The results concerning self-evaluation, which are presented here, were a by-product of this first study, but they gave rise to questions that are further explored in the second project. Eighteen subjects at the same stage of training were asked to interpret a text from English into Polish and to evaluate their performance, linking it to the strategic processing they had applied. The results suggest a significant trend towards negative assessment, combined with most attention being devoted to faithfulness to the original message and to completeness. Issues of presentation (including monotonous intonation, hesitant voice and long pauses), on the other hand, were hardly ever mentioned.THE FEATURES SECTION (edited by Luis PÃ©rez GonzÃ¡lez)The Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Interpreter Training: State-of-the-art and Future Prospects, pp 269-303Annalisa Sandrelli and JesÃºs de Manuel Jerez (UniversitÃ di Bologna, Italy and Universidad de Granada, Spain)CAIT (Computer Assisted Interpreter Training) is a relatively new field of interpreting studies which began to develop in the mid 1990s. The impetus behind CAIT is an attempt to exploit the multimedia capabilities of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to enhance the teaching and learning of interpreting in various ways. The present feature article offers an overview of the three major approaches that have been developed within CAIT over its ten-year history. Integrative CAIT relies on digital speech banks or repositories to provide students with suitable materials for classroom use or self-study, with computers playing the twofold role of tutor and stimulus. Intelligent CAIT has flourished on the back of new dedicated authoring programs which enable interpreter trainers to easily create various types of exercises and provide trainees with tools to optimize the use of the available resources; in an environment where the computer plays the role of tool, intelligent CAIT applications incorporate new utilities to increase interaction between computer and users and to situate learning in more realistic contexts. The third approach, based on Virtual Learning Environments, seeks to exploit the opportunities offered by computer-mediated communication tools and make the teaching and learning of interpreting more immersive by applying aspects of simulation technology available in computer games. As the overview progresses, the reader is introduced to a number of state-of-the-art CAIT programs and applications.BOOK REVIEWS (Review Editor: John Kearns)Sara Laviosa: Linking Wor(l)ds: Lexis and Grammar for Translation (Dominic Stewart, Italy)David B. Sawyer: Fundamental Aspects of Interpreter Education Curriculum and Assessment (Alessandro Zannirato, USA)Dorothy Kelly: A Handbook for Translator Trainers: A Guide to Reflective Practice (Maria GonzÃ¡lez Davies, Spain)Malcolm Williams: Translation Quality Assessment: An Argumentation-Centred Approach (Lucie Brione, UK)Lynne Bowker: Computer-aided Translation Technology: A Practical Introduction (Jody Byrne, UK) THESIS ABSTRACTSInterpretation: Types of Communicative Situations and Teaching [InterpretaciÃ³n: tipos de situaciÃ³n comunicativa y didÃ¡ctica]AgustÃn DarÃas Marrero, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainMagnifying Glasses Modifying Maps: Beginning the Development of Translation Competence in Basic Levels of Spanish as a Foreign Language [Colocar lupas, transcriar mapas. Iniciando odesenvolvimento da competÃªncia tradutÃ³ria em nÃvel bÃ¡sico de espanhol como lÃngua estrangeira]HeloÃsa Pezza CintrÃ£o, University of SÃ£o Paulo, BrazilGenre Characteristics, Contextualization and Training Models in Public Service Interpreting. Identifying Grounds for Curricular Design [La InterpretaciÃ³n en los Servicios PÃºblicos: CaracterizaciÃ³n como gÃ©nero, contextualizaciÃ³n y modelos de formaciÃ³n. Hacia unas bases para el diseÃ±o curricular]MarÃa Isabel Abril MartÃ, University of Granada, SpainThe Translation Workshop: An Integrated Teaching Methodology for Translation Teaching at University [El Taller de TraducciÃ³n: una metodologÃa didÃ¡ctica integradora para la enseÃ±anza universitaria de la traducciÃ³n]Marcella La Rocca, University of Vic, Spain</div>

مراجع في الترجمة_Translation References

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إحصائيات Arabic Translators International _ الجمعية الدولية لمترجمي العربية